Lung Cancer Respiratory Tract Diseases

Abstract

Laryngeal cancer is a life-threatening disease that affects the respiratory system and compromises essential functions such as breathing, speech, and swallowing. Despite its critical nature, early symptoms of laryngeal cancer are often misinterpreted as benign conditions, leading to late diagnoses and reduced treatment efficacy. A key challenge lies in differentiating between inflammatory laryngeal diseases and cancer, as well as identifying early-stage symptoms to initiate timely intervention. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the causes, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques, and treatment modalities for laryngeal cancer, while emphasizing prevention strategies. The findings reveal that smoking, alcohol consumption, HPV infection, and occupational hazards significantly increase the risk of laryngeal cancer. Early symptoms include voice changes, persistent cough, and pain during swallowing, while diagnostic accuracy improves with laryngoscopy, biopsy, and imaging technologies like CT and MRI. Modern treatments range from surgery and radiotherapy to chemotherapy and targeted immunotherapies. The study distinguishes between squamous cell carcinoma and squamous epithelial-origin cancers in both pathological behavior and clinical management, highlighting the importance of accurate classification for treatment planning. The research underscores the urgent need for early detection, routine screenings, and public awareness, especially among high-risk groups. Further research is recommended to enhance early diagnostic tools, evaluate long-term outcomes of modern therapies, and develop cost-effective preventive measures including HPV vaccination and lifestyle modifications.